Andrea Rita Dworkin (September 26, 1946 – April 9, 2005) was an American radical feminist and writer best known for her criticism of pornography, which she argued was linked to rape and other forms of violence against women, and for statements that were interpreted as claiming that all heterosexual sex is rape, an interpretation she rejected.

An anti-war activist and anarchist in the late 1960s, Dworkin wrote 10 books on radical feminist theory and practice. During the late 1970s and the 1980s, she gained national fame as a spokeswoman for the feminist anti-pornography movement, and for her writing on pornography and sexuality, particularly in Pornography: Men Possessing Women (1981) and Intercourse (1987), which remain her two most widely known books.

Dworkin had a very traumatic life. She suffered anti-Semitism and sexual abuse from a very young age. Then, after decades as a feminist writer and lecturer she was drugged and raped in 1999. She spent the last few years of her life in a deep depression related to that rape.

Dworkin came to be one of the major figures on this wing of feminism, although she was not one of its key theoreticians. Rather, her books - notably Pornography: Men Possessing Women (1979) and Intercourse (1987) - are polemics against men and the system that oppresses women.

For Dworkin women are oppressed by sexual violence. She is often quoted as saying that all intercourse is rape, a claim she denies. She argued that heterosexual intercourse is "the pure, sterile, formal expression of men's contempt for women". Even more clearly, "intercourse remains a means, or the means, of physiologically making a woman inferior: communicating to her, cell by cell, her own inferior status... pushing and thrusting until she gives in."

She denied that this amounts to saying that all sex is rape; she argues that all sex that involves any force is rape, and that much "romantic" sex is in fact forced penetration of women.

This understanding of the role of sexual intercourse in women's subjugation leads to her next major argument, namely that pornography is propaganda for rape. "Pornography is a celebration of rape and injury to women; it's a kind of union for rapists, a way of legitimising rape and formalising male supremacy in our society." Indeed for Dworkin, pornography is the most fundamental factor in women's oppression.

The other major part of Dworkin's picture is prostitution, which she saw as violence, a systematic way of defiling women in a form of a factory of exploitation. At the same time, marriage contrasts with prostitution in that it involves reproduction, and is seen as a form of "farming", a fertile place for men to grow their seeds.



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